Industry Roadmap

How major industry leaders plan to scale toward fault tolerance.

Surface-Code Architectures	Surface code and surface-like architectures are central to scalable fault tolerance. Heavy-hex-style lattice layouts can reduce unwanted ZZ crosstalk.
Topological Approaches	Topological approaches use lattice structure, repeated syndrome extraction, and below-threshold operation to scale toward reliable logical qubits.
Hybrid Hardware Paths	Scalable fault-tolerant architectures can also use hybrid hardware pairings, including semiconductor-superconductor systems designed to reduce overhead.